Use of 13C and 15N for the determination of the metal flux in the Caspian Sea fishes

Isotopes Environ Health Stud. 2020 Jun;56(3):280-296. doi: 10.1080/10256016.2020.1760265. Epub 2020 May 15.

Abstract

Biomagnification of metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Zn, Fe) was investigated in 14 species of Caspian Sea commercial fishes using 13C and 15N analyses to decode their trophic position (TP). The stable nitrogen isotope ratios varied among the Caspian Sea fish species from 8.7 to 13.8‰ while the stable carbon isotope ratios varied from -23.7 to -17.6‰. The TPs varied between 2.2 and 4.9. Clupeonella caspia had the lowest average TP, and Acipenseridae species (except Acipenser persicus) and Sander lucioperca had higher average TPs. Wide intra- and inter-specific differences were observed in metal concentrations. The stable isotope results were relatively coordinated with feeding behaviour of species. However, some exceptions were observed particularly in Alburnus chalcoides and S. lucioperca. By comparing logarithmic concentration of metals vs. TPs, no metal biomagnification was observed. The estimated daily intakes of metals were lower than the provisional tolerable daily intakes and, thus, these amounts do not pose any threat on human health.

Keywords: Carbon-13; Caspian Sea; contamination; enrichment; metals; nitrogen-15; trophic level; trophodynamics.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Bioaccumulation
  • Carbon Isotopes / analysis*
  • Caspian Sea
  • Environmental Monitoring / methods*
  • Feeding Behavior
  • Humans
  • Metals, Heavy / analysis*
  • Metals, Heavy / metabolism
  • Nitrogen Isotopes / analysis*
  • Perches / metabolism*
  • Water Pollutants, Chemical / analysis*
  • Water Pollutants, Chemical / metabolism

Substances

  • Carbon Isotopes
  • Metals, Heavy
  • Nitrogen Isotopes
  • Water Pollutants, Chemical